The Practices and Beliefs of Islam Essay -- Islam Religion Islamic Ess

The Practices and Beliefs of Islam Islam is a religion that has existed for many years. The devotees accepted that there is one God and Muhammad is his detachment. Muhammad was profoundly upset by the symbols love of Arabs and the ethical ills of society. At the point when he was around 40, he was contemplating and heard a voice. As indicated by Muslim the conviction the voice was that of the holy messenger Gabriel it stated, 'Announce.' When Muhammad asked what should I broadcast the voice reacted with declare for the sake of God. Muhammad was a youngster conceived in Mecca about the year 570. Stranded at an early age, Muhammad was thought about by his uncle. In his childhood he functioned as a shepherd among the Bedouins. Later he drove troops over the desert for shippers. At the point when he was 25, Muhammad wedded Khadija. It was ...

Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit - Unhappy Consciousness Essay - 1

Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit - Unhappy Consciousness - Essay Example so as to give out an away from of his plot since he connected this human stage with the early Christian period where individuals used to go away from the changes of the world’s normal life and focused on parsimonious and religious lives combined with petitions. As indicated by Hegel, individuals heading a parsimonious life sustained troubled awareness until they achieved the desire of truth. In any case, troubled awareness is a case of reluctance since, it emerges out of people when it is battling or attempting to accomplish acknowledgment from others so as to acknowledge singular hesitance as a subject (Wilhelm and Hegel 110). Despondent awareness lead to fears and inconveniences that cause individuals to feel awkward. It additionally upsets their perspective that makes people befuddled. Accordingly, casualties of miserable awareness wind up looking for shelter in strict focuses and inside philosophical frameworks in order to avoid the battles and battles in this phase of psyche. Also, miserable awareness ends up being an occurrence of reluctance since it settle in making its subjects go to look for anything soothing. Dread and externalization brought about by miserable awareness make people look for shelter and solace in creatures that don't live obviously (118). They don't endeavor or battle to achieve acknowledgment among individuals however detach themselves and keep-off the battles (121). This demonstration of turning towards the otherworldly being comes in view of the underlying battle of awareness attempting to get hold of nature. As those people who live devout life endeavor to get a handle on a feeling of sureness, they experience the widespread ideas of nature. At the since quite a while ago run, these people don't change. Rather, they stay to be the equivalent and keep up their cognizance notwithstanding the battle for looking for asylum. Thusly, miserable cognizance is an occasion of hesitance. Despondent cognizance is a case of hesitance

Shaping the Development of Business in Canada Essay

Forming the Development of Business in Canada - Essay Example Moreover, Canada appreciates a superior market condition that exudes from political solidness and lovely government approaches on business. Every one of these components advance the improvement of business in Canada. Thus, notwithstanding the developing business sector rivalry, business in Canada is lively and assumes a basic job in the economy. Remote venture is likewise a critical angle in Canadian business. Numerous Canadian organizations have embraced a corporate system to wander universal speculation with a point of expanding their contending advantage in the worldwide economy (Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada 1). As a matter of fact, the all out an incentive on Canadian outside venture override that of remote direct interest in Canada since 1997 (Lennox and Bow 150).Foreign interests in Canada elevate access to abroad markets, access to more assets, diminish input costs, new advancements, and offer better help to remote clients (Frigon 1). To be sure, outside inte rest in Canada is both direct and portfolio with the two sorts carrying noteworthy commitment to the Canadian economy. As a matter of fact, outsiders who appreciate the yearly intrigue, pay, and profit installments generally control Canadian economy. This attracts the hugeness of outside speculation forming business in Canada. What's more, resultant mechanical headways, new administration thoughts, and execution of universal exchange strategies will profit and shape business in Canada. This ensures higher efficiency, expanded fares and work, prevalent seriousness, and wild development of the Canadian economy. Nonetheless, these ventures are in danger of political precariousness, seizure, unsure guidelines, and feeble... This exposition favors that the legislature has embraced and arranged worldwide understandings that administer universal exchange and remote ventures. For instance, the administration of Canada embraces an approach of arranging and receiving the Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement that oversees reciprocal exchange exercises. All things considered, Canada its FIPA model in 2003 with a goal of upgrading clearness in the meaningful commitments, training and improving effectiveness in the question settlement methodology and advancing assurance and straightforwardness in its business condition. The support in outside venture ensures access to different markets, new innovations, decrease in input expenses, and accessibility of business assets. These variables lead to business benefit and further business advancement. This report makes a determination that there are various highlights that would altogether shape the advancement of business in Canada, for example, Canada’s â€Å"storehouse of resources,† remote speculation, government approaches, the job of business people and family firms, enormous business, and banking and money. Be that as it may, however every one of these highlights are applicable and noteworthy in this specific circumstance, government approaches stand apart as the most huge component. Also, there are different government strategies identifying with business guidelines, money related help, universal understandings, enlistment, permitting, and enactments that take significant jobs in molding improvement in business. These approaches are liable to changes and apply specifically. All administration approaches target creating residential and worldwide web based business in Canada.

Greece: Economic and Public Financial Situation

Greece: Economic and Public Financial Situation Greece: The Economic and Public Financial Situation S. Henry †J. Girigori †L. Davelaar ICUC MBA XI Outline Greece is experiencing an extremely tense season identified with their economy for some time now. They are confronting ultimatums to address their money related circumstance, taking estimations on the off chance that they need to keep being a piece of the European Union. Greece’s economy depend significantly on administration conveyance zones, under which Tourism is one of the greatest salary producing post (about 73% of the GDP). In 1980, Greece joined the European Union and in 2002 they authoritatively embraced the Euro as a conventional fiscal understanding between the EuroZone. Greece, had various advantages since there converging with the EU. Their info every year represent about 2.35% of the GDP of Greece. Also, Greece got on an auxiliary premise an EU subsidizing of 20 billion from 1994 to 1999 and of 24 billion from 2000 to 2013. These assets has been utilized to bring down the country’s shortfall and to facilitate improvement the nation. Greece is right now advancing gradually in vanquishing the gigantic issues they were going up against with this agonizing downturn. Despite the fact that this downturn was and still is a troublesome period for Greece, we should authorize for the way that they figured out how to accomplish some quantifiable outcomes with the difficulties they stood up to with the modifications. As Greece and the other indebted person nations, for example, Spain, Italy, Ireland and Portugal are going towards default, the entire landmass of Europe is in harm's way. Despite the fact that the economy of these nations are moderately little in examination with a few different individuals from the euro zone, they structure an enormous danger because of the tremendous interconnection of the European money related framework in light of the euro. As referenced previously, Euro is the normal money for the whole European Union, and this gathering known as the Eurozone is influenced because of wide scope of cash changes and the Drastic fall in the estimation of Euro. The nations, framing some portion of the Eurozone, who consent to help Greece of keeping them from getting the chance to default, were straightforwardly and prompt affected by the budgetary emergency in Greece. According to most articles depict that the most practical alternative right currently is to not leave the Eurozone and go to an arrangement so as to come out of the spending shortfall they are in. Without a concentrated financial association nations will keep on running shortfalls, amass profundities, corrupt the estimation of euro and compromise security of Europe. List of chapters (Jump to) Rundown Presentation Part 1 Greece and Economy Before Crisis 1.1 Public Finances the Crisis 1.1.1 European Union benefits Part 2 Greece Their Current Situation 2.1 Private utilization and joblessness 2.2 Investments 2.3 Uncertainty a liquidity 2.4 Current Public fund versus the worldwide economy Part 3 Impact Greece on EURONET and Rest of The World 3.1 What is Grexit and the Impact End References Figures Presentation Greece is experiencing an exceptionally tense season identified with their economy for some time now. They are confronting ultimatums to address their budgetary circumstance, taking estimations in the event that they need to keep being a piece of the European Union. Greece is a piece of the European Union which comprise of certain nations joined by the euro in the euro zone. Furthermore, this gathering is going to monetarily fall, because of budgetary issues from Greece and individual nations as Spain, Portugal, Ireland and Italy. This circumstance is taking steps to cut down the total European landmass and the remainder of the World. In this paper, we will expand on the Economic improvements around Greece earlier turning out to be a piece of the European Union and when they received the Euro as their fiscal character. We will give an inside on Greece’s monetary status before 2000 †2002, during the appropriation of the Euro (after 2002) and all the related ramifications for themselves just as the entire European Union and EuroZone nations. We will talk about, their Public Finances, International Economic angles, some Domestic Economical perspectives and their relationship and confinements with different nations around the globe. Part 1: Greece and Economy Before Crisis Greece’s economy depend significantly on administration conveyance zones, under which Tourism is one of the greatest pay creating post (about 73% of the GDP). In 1980, Greece joined the European Union and in 2002 they formally embraced the Euro as a nonexclusive money related understanding between the EuroZone. This selection of the Euro, gave the nation an expansion in consumer’s spending which on its turn gave the nation a lift in the financial development. During this period Greece experienced incredible paces of development. Figure 1, gives a diagram of the GDP rate from 1996 until a plunge (+ - 0.2) in 2001 and an a lot more prominent plunge (+ - 0.7) in 2005. Notwithstanding, because of universal money related emergency in 2008, additionally Greece began encountering shortages inside their efficient financial plan, which had as an outcome the beginning of a monetary emergency. 1.1 Public Finances the Crisis Open accounts began going definitely the negative way, and same was the situation for distorted insights, which therefore affected FICO assessment organizations, who constrained the chance of Greece to demand extra credits. This confinement pushed Greece in increasingly money related shakiness with an obligation emergency accordingly. 1.1.1 European Union benefits Greece, had various advantages since there converging with the EU. Their info every year represent about 2.35% of the GDP of Greece. Furthermore, Greece got on an auxiliary premise an EU financing of 20 billion from 1994 to 1999 and of 24 billion from 2000 to 2013. These assets has been utilized to bring down the country’s shortfall and to encourage advancement the nation. To have the option to keep getting backing and help of other EU nations and worldwide moneylenders, the Government of Greece began a 3-year program, in the endeavor to begin pushing back on the obligations. This program comprised of: Restricting government spending Resizing the open part Changing medicinal services Changing expense system The thought was for this new way to deal with assistance Greece to lessen the deficiency by 4% of the GDP according to 2010 and by 3% of the GDP by 2012. The significant shortage creating presents came about on be the travel industry the transportation business. Another angle that added to the emergency of Greece is an exchange shortfall which in 2009, the import was around 64 billion while the fare arrived at only 21 billion. Part 2: Greece Their Current Situation Greece is at present advancing gradually in vanquishing the immense issues they were standing up to with this agonizing downturn. Despite the fact that this downturn was and still is a troublesome period for Greece, we should authorize for the way that they figured out how to accomplish some quantifiable outcomes with the difficulties they stood up to with the modifications. This announcement was set after the fruition of the audit crucial Greece which was directed by the staff group of the European Commission (EC), European Central Bank (ECB) and International Monetary Fund (IMF). This audit depended on strategies that they figured out how to make with the staff level expert so as to screen compliancy with the terms and conditions that were set for the Program. The staff group and the specialists are very much aware and furthermore concur that Greece is at a start of a financial soundness and an equalization for a progressive restart or reboot of development which is nearly in accordance with their past projections. Costs are modifying and expansion is beneath the euro zone normal. The conditions to continue this development are accessible however the dangers, vulnerability and limited financing conditions are postponing the way toward recouping and estimating the open account. The genuine GDP expanded with 0.8% in 2014 just because since 2007. The private utilization and the net fares caused monetary exercises that brought about a 0.8% development of the genuine GDP. 2.1 Private utilization and joblessness Because of decrease on the costs and alteration on the work showcase, private utilization encountered an expansion just because following 5 years of a progressing withdrawal. The drop in oil costs and return of â€Å"under-the-mattress† stores can profit the Private utilization. Increment of net fare was the aftereffect of progress of administration send out brought about by the travel industry, delivering divisions and products trade. The devalution of the euro can prompt more fare development in 2015 for the travel industry and transportation. Simultaneously the solid local interest is expanding import. In 2014, 100.000 new openings were made which decreased the joblessness rate 26.5% . During the current year the rate is anticipated to drop marginally to 25.6%. When the normal development in 2016 gets the joblessness rate is relied upon to diminish further to 23.2%. 2.2 Investments Same as the genuine GDP and net fare the ventures encountered a minor increment just because since 2008 and is mostly brought about by gear speculation. The vulnerability of speculators not putting resources into Greece is as yet constraining the credit flexibly from the budgetary sector.The genuine GDP is anticipated to increment to 2.9% this year, as venture recuparate with the assistance of structutal changes. 2.3 Uncertainty a liquidity Vulnerability and absence of away from on the strategy position of the new government that was chosen last December 2014, is harming the postive energy for Greece. The financial conclusion marker (ESI) exacerbate last March as a result of the lessening trust in the business segments. This huge political vulnerability is a consequence of having late political decision for another legislature in January when the nation has a booked expiry date of the Program set for February 28th. The recently chosen government arranged an augmentation of 4 months of the Program. The expansion permits Greek specialists to plan an

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells free essay sample

In lifes chain of command, cells make up the most reduced degree of association. Cells can perform exercises required to continue life. A cells capacity to gap to shape new cells is the reason for development and fix in living beings. Cells likewise assume a key job in the reusing of carbon, a substance component basic to life, and furthermore take an interest in cell procedures, for example, photosynthesis. In light of these focuses, it ought to be noticed that cells come in one of two structures: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. By examining the auxiliary and unctional likenesses and contrasts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and by investigating the procedure of endosymbiosos, one can increase further knowledge into the assorted variety of cells. One unmistakable contrast between these cells is prokaryotic cells can be named either microscopic organisms or archaea while eukaryotic cells make up every single other type of life including plants and creatures. This differentiation emerges from the way that prokaryotic cells are straightforward, little, and for the most part unicellular though eukaryotic cells are progressively intricate, huge, and by and large multi-cell. We will compose a custom paper test on Prokaryotic versus Eukaryotic Cells or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Eukaryotic cells have an embrane encased core and numerous little organelles in its cytoplasm while prokaryotic cells need film encased organelles of specific structure and work and a core. Moreover in a prokaryotic cell, DNA isn't isolated by a film bound core; rather the DNA is amassed in a district called the nucleoid. Another distinction includes the manner by which both the cells repeat. Prokaryotic cells recreate through a procedure of cell division known as parallel splitting. In paired splitting one duplicate of the starting point moves quickly towards the opposite end f the cell. When the inceptions meet on one side of the cell, the plasma film becomes internal and another cell divider is kept. The outcome is two little girl cells. Eukaryotic cells replicate through an advanced type of parallel splitting known as mitosis, where shafts from outside the core and separate into two separate cells, and meosis. Regardless of these significant contrasts, both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells have numerous basic and practical similitudes. All cells are encased by a plasma layer, loaded up with cytoplasm, that capacities as a particular hindrance. This obstruction takes into consideration the section of oxygen, supplements, and squanders between the cell and its environmental factors. Another likeness is that the two kinds of cells have chromosomes, ribosomes ( minor organelles that make proteins by means of guidance from the qualities) and protein lipids in their films. Both additionally have DNA strands which hold their hereditary data. The developmental connection between the two cells sets up how eukaryotic cells advanced from prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells were made through a procedure of hereditary trades between prokaryotes. This procedure is known as endosymbiosis. Two organelles which have coordinated this hypothesis are the mitochondria and the plastids. Both of these organelles are found in eukaryotic cells anyway inquire about has indicated that these structures are decedents of free prokaryotic cells. Since Eukaryotic cells can inundate different cells, it very well may be reasoned that the prokaryotic predecessors of the mitochondria and plastids picked up section into the eukaryotic cells which thusly framed into bundles of vesicles. Consequently, Eukaryotic cells were

Net Neutrality In Contemporary World - Free Essay Example

In the contemporary world of technological advancement, net neutrality has been a primary topic of debate for the United States Senate for an extended period. Net neutrality is the non-discriminatory internet transmission, where internet service providers treat all internet data as the same to allow individuals to run applications, services, and access content on their devices without any limitations. In essence, it is the non-preferential treatment of web traffic regardless of the source. In net neutrality, ISP acts as passive transmitters of data as opposed to being content managers. In this case, consumers receive equal internet speed access to content across websites regardless of their sizes. Due to the fact that ISPs have the freedom to adjust their Internet services following the repeal of Net Neutrality restrictions, Americans are paying more internet fees, which could injure its innovativeness in the small and medium enterprising sector. Federal Communications Commission The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is a United States international and local communication regulatory agency. The agency regulates television, radio, wire, cable, and satellite transmissions in the country and its annexes (FCC, 2017). Five commissioners who are selected by the president and vetted by the US Senate run the FCC under the Congress oversight. Additionally, POTUS also appoints one of the commissioners to assume the chairperson position. Noticeably, one party can only have three members represented in the organization at any time (FCC, 2017). Moreover, the commissioners have a five-year term unless stated otherwise. The appointed individuals should not have any competing monetary interests in the broadband industry to eliminate conflicts of interest. On the other hand, the FCC has various functions, which aim at smoothening the nations communication sector. Firstly, it promotes investments, competition, and innovation in the internet sector. Secondly, it facilitates the countrys economic growth through the creation of an ideal competitive framework to foresee communication development. Thirdly, it promotes the use of quality spectrum in locally and internationally. Fourthly, it sets and amends media regulations to allow the development of innovative technologies in line with localism and diversity (FCC, 2017). Fifthly, the organizations serve as the nations leader in strengthening the communications infrastructure. Furthermore, the FCC is interested in addressing challenges and economic benefits related to the rapidly changing global communications dynamics to ensure the American consumers are not exploited by ISPs. Internet Service Providers Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are agencies that provide broadband services to allow participation, access, and use of the Internet. They control the amount and speed of data transmitted through their channels to consumers (Kruzel, 2017; Meinrath, 2008). The ISPs aimed at scrapping off the Net Neutrality regulations to regain their power to control and throttle internet connectedness for their economic benefits. The Net Neutrality provision mandated them to treat all data as the same regardless of the source or size. According to Akbarzadehs (2014) film Killswitch, the internet has become the worlds new gold in such a way that those who control it have the ability to manage a nations wealth and power. Therefore, the elimination of the regulations would benefit the broadband companies in several ways. Firstly, they would have the ability to offer the delivery of a websites content faster and reliably at an additional cost towards the users. Secondly, ISPs would be able to increase their internet transmission speeds more than their competitors to enhance their market competitiveness (Kruzel, 2017; Meinrath, 2008). Thirdly, they would have the authority to block any objectionable site sites, which would expose them to public and political lynching. Fourthly, broadband companies would gain the freedom to introduce internet packages (Kruzel, 2017). In this case, they would offer a mix of internet speed options with their corresponding prices. Notably, ISPs are trying to control the market dynamics in the internet sector, where they can manage the speed and access of specific sites and information and capitalize on the same. Recent Repeal of Net Neutrality The recent repeal of the Net Neutrality restrictions under President Trumps regime aims at serving the interests of minority ISPs in the expense of the American citizens. The average internet users will be the losers if the US Senate votes against the restrictions (Kruzel, 2018). Firstly, the consumers would incur increased prices for their internet feeds for websites that rely on high internet speed connectivity. Notably, the sites would pass down the costs to the consumers. Moreover, it would deny the American citizens the right to information, where they can choose their websites and applications of choice. If the repeal is successful, the ISPs will gain ultimate control over the open internet market to enhance their economic and ideological gains. Three of the largest ISPs in the United States have pressured the FCC to scrap off the regulations for a decade. They include Comcast, Verizon, ATT, and the National Cable Telecommunications Association (NCTA). According to a 2017 MapLight survey (Bass 2017), the companies had spent $572 million trying to lobby the federal government and the FCC to eliminate the restrictions. Interestingly, the organizations claim that they respect net neutrality but not the regulations used by the FCC to enforce the idea. Importance of Net Neutrality According to Wu (2005), net neutrality is essential since it ensures that short-term interests of ISPs do not prevent consumers from accessing quality applications and products over the Internet. Additionally, it provides that consumers get equal access to all websites and applications without any throttling by the broadband providers. It also plays a vital role in leveling the marketing field for online applications and growth of SMEs. Currently, several changes can happen towards the internet. Firstly, as Wu (2005) notes, the Internet can be transformed into open access such as is the case in the telephone industry. In this case, the Internet would utilize a n end-to-end design, which does not impose any restrictions, applications, feature, or services to the user. On the other hand, it can be transformed into a centralized infrastructure that allows ISPs to check and shape network traffic. Noticeably, ISPs will be able to limit the internet by blocking content, introducing internet caps, slowing rivals internet speeds and offering fast-lane speed to specifically preferred partners (Kruzel, 2017; Meinrath, 2008). The introduction of internet caps will ensure that consumers pay overage fees when they exceed their data packages. Moreover, the ISPs will have the freedom to offer internet packages at a cost like that of cable television programs. The cost of the Internet in the United States is expected to double with the repeal of Net Neutrality due to the creation of a competitive broadband market. Net Neutrality and American Entrepreneurialism Net neutrality has been a vital facilitator of business growth and entrepreneurship in the country; however, the situation may change due to the scrapping of the restrictions. High internet speeds would li mit business growth by providing an obstacle towards web innovativeness since most SMEs do have adequate capital to adopt fast-lane internet services (Kruzel, 2017). Furthermore, online startup websites may lose their customers, if ISPs impose data packages that exempt consumers from streaming or accessing the sites. Notably, high internet prices increase the cost of equipment for SMEs in the market as they struggle to acquire infrastructure to support online business-consumer interactions. Significantly, according to Kruzel (2017), throttled internet speeds reduce work efficiency by making accessing to web content slow or inaccessible. Video streaming sites such as Netflix require high-speed connectivity; therefore, they are affected by throttling and capping. Meinrath Pickard (2008) note that ISPs may direct traffic and offer high Internet speeds to preferred vendors, which would injure the competitiveness of independent business owners. The situation creates a monopolistic market that is dangerous for both American consumers and web investors. How Net Neutrality Could Affect Our Childrens Ability to Learn Net Neutrality improved the education system in the country by providing children with necessary study and research resources via the internet. However, the situation is bound to change as the ISPs gain the freedom to block or limit the informational websites (Kruzel, 2017). Secondly, since the ISPs will have the right to decide which contents will appear in fast or slow pipes, they may slow down educational sites making them unavailable for the children. The phenomenon will leave children from families with limited connectivity with fewer study resources, which adversely affects their academic performance. Moreover, the end of net neutrality may result in an increased educational gap between children from affluent and low-income earning families. Furthermore, the above phenomena may reduce innovativeness among the lower and middle class due to limited internet access, which will foresee their decline in political and business leadership participation. Conclusion Overall, the issue of net neutrality has been a controversial topic in the country. Net neutrality has numerous advantages such as increased innovativeness in the educational and entrepreneurial sector; therefore, the FCC should reinstate the rules. The provisions allow equal internet access to all Americans despite the size and source of information. However, throttled internet reduces students academic performance, innovativeness, and business growth. Therefore, it is incumbent on the average American citizens to fight for their right to information access to safeguard their future and those of subsequent generations.

Choice in Dostoevskys Dream of a Ridiculous Man - Literature Essay Samples

When Albert Camus wrote The Myth of Sisyphus [1], he demonstrated the absurdity of human existence in the indifferent universe with the ridiculous task of pushing a rock up a hill an infinite number of times. Every time Sisyphus pushed the rock to the top of the hill, it only rolled back down for him to do it again. This is the very fundamental idea underlying Existentialism. Much like Sisyphus of the ancient myth, humans live a meaningless existence; nothing means anything when all that is certain is death. It is therefore ridiculous to live without such a realization, or otherwise with an illusion of meaning and purpose. Yet humans continue to live and assign importance to their daily activities, even against the fact that death is inevitable. Fyodor Dostoevsky’s short story The Dream of a Ridiculous Man accounts for the absurdity of human existence portrayed by Albert Camus and demonstrates what it is to be really ridiculous, yet also suggests a solution. We humans must un derstand that we both have the ability to choose the life we live, and that end results may not matter as much as we assume. Fyodor Dostoevsky wrote The Dream of a Ridiculous Man from a politically, socially, and spiritually troubled 19th century Russia. Life under the Russian regime is key in Dostoevsky writings, and The Dream of the Ridiculous Man is no exception. The story reflects the suffering and alienation of the Russian society and explores the psychology of the character shaped by the society. Dostoevsky however, provides consolation and hope at the end of the story as he believes there is purity and goodness at the end of suffering and despair (Bourgeois). The story also includes elements of Dostoevsky’s philosophical school of thought, Existentialism. Meaning in life, absurdity, suicide, as well as confronting mortality and the anxiety of choice are fundamental basis in The Dream of a Ridiculous Man. The story is also richly influenced with Orthodox Christianity. Dostoevsky references the bible, creating alternate interpretations of Genesis, portrays the narrator as Adam, later as the Ser pent, and then as Jesus, and explores religious concepts such as the Problem of Evil and Fall of Man (Cassedy). These influences play in to the story and at least in part explain or provide the context for the character’s ridiculous existence, suicidal intentions, and eventually the revelation to live and do good by choice. The narrator of The Dream of a Ridiculous Man admits he is living an absurd existence and finds no evidence of the contrary. He explains that â€Å"he has always been ridiculous, and he has known it† (Dostoevsky, pg. 3), not only distinguishing himself from other humans, but also distinguishing humanity from other species. Humans are the only living creatures aware of their ultimate fate, and that knowledge is what makes their existence far more absurd than any other. The narrator’s acknowledgment of this is essential in the Existentialist thought. The narrator also reveals that earlier in his life when he was attending the university, â€Å"the more he learned, the more he understood he was ridiculousin the end, the sciences he studied existed only to prove he was ridiculous† (pg. 3). The narrator does not know exactly when he became ridiculous, but he comes to understand that he has always been ridiculous and it does not matter when he realized it first. As the story continues, he grows ever more indifferent to life, and finds only more evidence of the absurdity of human existence with his friends, neighbors, and strangers. The conversation between the narrator’s friends that follows only reinforces the narrator’s beliefs. They are arguing for the sake of argument, and are completely detached from the topic they speak of. Their conversation is meaningless and their enthusiasm a pretense as they do not understand the emotions and opinions they profess. When the narrator tells his friends that they do not really care for their argument, they only find his remark amusing. This conversation demonstrates the idea that nothing matters in life, and thus the only passion for doing anything that exists is fake. The narrator realizes that, but he speaks with indifference when he attempts to reproach his friends. The narrator also shows indifference in his apartment building. He says there is shouting and fighting in one of his neighbor’s apartment just behind the wall, but he shows no annoyance or concern. The narrator simply â€Å"does not care how much they shout on the other side of the p artition or how many of them there are in there: he sits up all night and forgets them so completely that he does not hear the noise anymore† (pg. 6). An encounter with a little girl reveals that the narrator maintains his beliefs. When the little girl asks the narrator for his help, he reasons that the stranger he is asked to help will die nonetheless. Turning his back on humanity, the narrator demonstrates his further indifference and ambivalence to life, his or other. If everything in life is ridiculous then there is no reason he should help the stranger. The narrator essentially finds his existence ridiculous and there is no evidence of the contrary anywhere in his life. There is only absurdity and indifference, and so the narrator decides to commit suicide, but he falls asleep. The narrator’s dream is a fundamental change in The Dream of a Ridiculous Man. It is a vision or a revelation that teaches the narrator of the true absurdity of human existence, and creates a dramatic change in the narrator’s life. He goes from committing suicide to preaching what he believes is the truth. The dream itself not only puts the paradise that the narrator visits and his world in juxtaposition, but also parallels ultimate good with knowledge of good and evil. The paradise, or the earth before the Fall of Man, is free from all that is evil and shameless; it is a utopia where every resident is innocent and happy. With the narrator’s presence however, the paradise is cursed with the same fate as Eden was on Earth. The narrator corrupts the paradise with knowledge by introducing lies, sexual debauchery, jealousy, murder, factions, nationalism, war, etc. (pg. 19). He brings an end to the perfect happiness and ultimate good of people of the paradise, but at the same time he gives them humanity, knowledge, and choice. The people of the paradise lack the ability to choose their life, and that is no life at all. What the narrator essentially gives them is the most human thing of all, the ability to choose. The narrator learns that knowledge and the ability to choose is far more meaningful then life itself. The people of the paradise are merely instinctual creatures, doing good, but having no ability to reason or choose to do good. There is no evidence that living a good life is any better than living a bad life or an indifferent life, yet the people of the paradise are exclusive to only that one option, one option among three. There is nothing that can be more ridiculous then to live a good, moral life above any other when in the end the good and the bad will both meet the same fate, and both will be exactly equal. Living a good, moral life is not a necessary element of human existence. The knowledge that there is a choice, and the understanding that all choices are equal is the key to any happiness. The narrator explains that the people of the paradise â€Å"would not want to return to the paradise† (pg. 20), and then the narrator himself admits â€Å"he loves the earth they h ave polluted more then the paradise† (pg. 21). Indeed, the knowledge and the ability to choose are higher than any life in paradise. The narrator and the people of the paradise learn that if men do good it should be because they can do good all by themselves, because they can choose to do good by their own conscious understanding. The narrator summarizes this truth when he wakes up; â€Å"the chief thing is to love others like yourself, that is the chief thing† (pg. 22). The narrator is a changed man now, not only does he cherish life, but he goes from attempting suicide to a life where he preaches the truth and atones his past mistakes. He finds meaning and purpose, and there is no mention of a God or an afterlife. The narrator learns that â€Å"he can be beautiful and happy without losing the power of living on earth† (pg. 22), that is, he is motivated to do good purely by his own choosing, not by the promise of eternal life or a paradise. Dostoevsky’s The Dream of a Ridiculous Man is a short story that confirms the absurdity of human existence and gives some thought to suicide as a viable response, but at the same time demonstrates that happiness and meaning can be attained in this world if one understands that one should do good by his own conscious choosing. Dostoevsky’s implications however go beyond this. The story is also a comment on Christianity, and in particular Eden or the paradise. The Dream of the Ridiculous Man seems to suggest that a â€Å"paradise or an afterlife will never come to be† (pg. 22), because an eternity of unconsciously doing only good is inhuman. Consciousness of life is higher than life, and the paradise is an automatic, robotic life deprived of consciousness. The ability to choose indeed gives life consciousness and perhaps the short life on earth is worth more than an eternity in paradise, as Dostoevsky implies. In the story, Dostoevsky also comments on the evolution of civilization. The paradise in the narrator’s vision seems to take on the same history as that of humanity on earth. First there is a paradise, next is corruption, and then mankind spends the next thousands of years learning how to be happy again. The difference is that when mankind learns the truth, in that they will do good and be happy, they will have arrived at it consciously. This evolution of civilization perhaps only attempts to recapture the goodness and happiness of the paradise, but it also more importantly gains consciousness in the process. Dostoevsky stresses that it is this consciousness, the knowledge, the ability to choose that gives any sense to life. In Dostoevskys conception, humanity has not regressed from paradise, but progressed. God has given us the ability to do good, we have given ourselves the ability to choose to do good. We have come from being unconscious, instinctive and mechanical automatons, to conscious human begins with the capacity not only to be genuinely happy, but also the knowledge of the laws of happiness. We should do good not because it may or may not be rewarded by God who may or may not exist, but because we can do good regardless of God and an afterlife. We are merely human beings on this earth who can only conquer the absurdity of our own existence when we understand that our conscious mind transcends everything. REFERENCES Bourgeois, Patrick, Lyall. â€Å"Dostoevsky and Existentialism.â€Å" Journal of Thought (1980): 29-38. Philosophers Index. EBSCO. Web. 5 May 2010. Cassedy, Steven. â€Å"Dostoevskys Religion.† Studies in East European Thought (2007): 163-165. Philosophers Index. EBSCO. Web. Dostoevsky, Fyodor. The Dream of a Ridiculous Man. Feedbooks. Published: 1877. PDF File.

Profile and History National Black Feminist Organization (NBFO)

Founded: May 1973, announced August 15, 1973 Ended Existence: 1976, a national organization; 1980, last local chapter. Key Founding Members: Florynce Kennedy, Eleanor Holmes Norton, Margaret Sloan, Faith Ringgold, Michele Wallace, Doris Wright. First (and only) president: Margaret Sloan Number of chapters at peak: about 10 Number of members at peak: more than 2000 From the 1973 Statement of Purpose: The distorted male-dominated media image of the Women’s Liberation Movement has clouded the vital and revolutionary importance of this movement to Third World women, especially black women.  The Movement has been characterized as the exclusive property of so-called white middle-class women and any black women seen involved in this movement have been seen as â€Å"selling out,† â€Å"dividing the race,† and an assortment of nonsensical epithets.  Black feminists resent these charges and have therefore established The National Black Feminist Organization, in order to address ourselves to the particular and specific needs of the larger, but almost cast-aside half of the black race in Amerikkka, the black woman. Focus The double burden of sexism and racism for black women, and in particular, to raise the visibility of black women in both the Womens Liberation Movement and the Black Liberation Movement. The initial Statement of Purpose also emphasized the need to counter negative images of black women.  The statement criticized those in the black community and the â€Å"white male Left† for excluding black women from leadership roles, calling for an inclusive Women’s Liberation Movement and Black Liberation Movement, and for visibility in the media of black women in such movements. In that statement, black nationalists were compared to white racists. Issues about the role of black lesbians were not raised in the statement of purpose but immediately came to the forefront in discussions.  It was a time, however, when there was considerable fear that taking on the issue of that third dimension of oppression might make organizing more difficult. The members, who came with many different political perspectives, differed considerably on strategy and even issues. Arguments over who would and would not be invited to speak involved both political and strategic differences, and also personal infighting. The organization was unable to transform the ideals into cooperative action, or organize effectively. Key Events Regional Conference, New York City, November 30 – December 2, 1973, at Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, attended by about 400 womenCombahee River Collective formed by the breakaway Boston NBFO chapter, with a self-defined revolutionary socialist agenda, including both economic and sexuality issues.

Role Of The Media During The Vietnam War - 2179 Words

Tan Oguz Instructor: Arjun Subrahmanyan HIST 386C 11 December 2014 Final Paper Role of the Media in the Vietnam War Vietnam War is a war that mainly differentiates from any other war in the history of the modern warfare due to the fact that the first time in history the media was able to act without restrictions and had the opportunity to film and record the war from the frontline of the combat zone. Besides the political and military decisions taken at the wartime, media had a impact on changing destiny of the war. In this essay, in order to show the impact of the media on the war, I will try to examine some of the key events of the Vietnam War, such as the Tet-Offensive, and My Lai Massacre. Were there any misconceptions presented by the media about the war? Was media responsible of the US loss in Vietnam? Is the power of media exaggerated at the time of the war? Throughout the essay, these questions will try to be answered in the contexts of specific events. Before the insertion of ground troops in Vietnam, much of the concern in the media had been favoured to the political tactics of reinforcing a non-communist (democratic) government in South Vietnam. After the war changed its direction to heavy ground batlle, a change in coverage also eventuated that the media were more concerned and interested in military conjuncture (Wyatt 1995). By becoming more interested in military aspects of the war, the media became more engaged in actual fight scenes and brutality of theShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Role of Media During the Vietnam War1903 Words   |  8 PagesDuring the Vietnam War, Americans were greatly influenced by the extensive media coverage of the war. Before the 1960’s and the intensification of the war, public news coverage of military action was constrained heavily by the government and was directed by Government policy. The Vietnam War uniquely altered the perception of war in the eyes of American citizens by bringing the war into their homes. The Vietnam War was the first U.S uncensored war resulting in the release of graphic images and unalteredRead MoreThe Effect of Mass Media on Americans during the Vietnam War Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesof Mass Media on Americans during the Vietnam War When the war initially began, Dean Rusk, US Secretary of State, pointed out that: This was the first struggle fought on television in everybodys living room every day... whether ordinary people can sustain a war effort under that kind of daily hammering is a very large question. The us administration, unlike most governments at war, made no official attempt to censure the reporting in the Vietnam war. Every Read MoreMedia Coverage On The Vietnam War1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War introduced many new forms of technology on and off of the battlefield. Increased weaponry helped shape the outcome of the war, but media coverage also played a large role in representing the news and opinions of the war. Viet Thanh Nguyen’s The Sympathizer helps illustrate how the media influences and spreads the opinions of the people during the Vietnam War. The war media, which includes newspapers, movies, and most importantly television, caters towards its audience. What the mediaRead More The Impact of the Media on the Vietnam War Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of the Media on the Vietnam War This essay will discuss to what degree the media can be blamed for the United States’ loss in the Vietnam conflict ending 1975. It will be based predominantly on key written resources on the subject, but it will also contain - by means of an interview - certain first-hand observations from a Vietnam War veteran. For the sake of conciseness, and in order to focus the bulk of the content on the main topic, this essay will make certain assumptionsRead MoreThe Media and the Military in the Vietnam War1593 Words   |  6 PagesThe media and Military The War in Vietnam was the first real â€Å"television† war, meaning it was the first conflict where the U.S. military found itself attempting to control a media which was not fully supportive of the country’s involvement. (79) It was also the first â€Å"open† conflict where the media was deployed in force without restriction. (79) The media saw a need to cater to those who opposed the war for the first time. The conflict was taking place in a remote area, and apart from conscriptionRead MoreMedia Coverage Of The Vietnam War1257 Words   |  6 Pagesin the traditional sense. They fight with audio and video, instead. (Rewrite Hook) This was live coverage of the Vietnam War, a long, bloody, unforgotten, and unappreciated war. Once these horrifying images were cast onto American screens, United States would find itself covered in ruins. Ruins that would cost years and years to rebuild. (Fix Transition) Media coverage of the Vietnam War ignited a new era of journalism and served as a driving force in the public’s perception of United States involvementRead MoreThe Problem With Vietnam Essays1660 Words   |  7 PagesThe Problem With Vietnam Wartime in the United States has always placed pressure on the government and the citizens of the country to provide support by whatever means to the situation. During World War II, that support was propagated by the government in the form of censorship and a strategic public relations plan to maintain the public opinion in favor of the cause. Glorification of Americas involvement in the war helped America maintain the image of a cause worth fighting for. TechnologyRead MoreU.s Propaganda On Vietnam War1355 Words   |  6 Pages U.S propaganda in Vietnam War In the need of human resources, the U.S government in the 3rd quarter of the 20th century has started mobilizing young men into navy and military troops. This mobilization was preceded with heavy amount of propaganda that used big variety of different motives to recruit as many people as possible and to stop the deserters that tried to flee to the country. The motives used in propaganda ranged from hateful to nationalistic. When thinking of power, most people thinkRead MoreThe Vietnam War And Its Horrors1130 Words   |  5 Pages The Vietnam War and its horrors came into the living rooms of people through from news reports through television. This war was the first war to issue full freedom to the press. There was a huge response to what people saw in a negative way. Many people thought the war should not have been televised. According to â€Å"U.S. at War: A History of Shame†, it was until 1965 that the Vietnam War became a big story on television. Journalism coverage of thi s war using television had a huge effect on the peopleRead MoreThe Battle Of The Vietnam War Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussion of the Vietnam War was never far from people’s minds. This war would serve as an introduction to what war was to the home front. It was in the homes of America where so many had been previously sheltered from the realities of war. During previous conflicts, there had been a military censorship on all media that pertained to war. This would not be the case in Vietnam, it would be completely uncensored. The ability for reporters to provide a commentary on the war without censorship

The Marriage Process in Turkish Culture - 1293 Words

The Marriage Process In Turkish Culture The United States is a country, founded on freedom, immersed with immigrants hoping to secure their independence and reconstruct their lives. The United States, unlike many other countries, is made up entirely of different cultures and ethnic groups. This country is home to many middle-eastern citizens, with a great majority of Turkish Americans. According to the Embassy of the United States, there are currently 500,000 Americans with â€Å"Turkic† descent (TMPFA). The existence of Turkish families in the country is a positive one as their talent, creativity and hard work strengthens our nation. The struggle of these people to adjust to American society can be demanding, but many Turkish people choose to carry on their family traditions. The aim of this paper is to analyze the partner selection, engagement process and wedding ceremonies of Turkish couples within the United States. The partner selection in Turkish culture customarily requires acceptance by both families, along with incorporation of traditional gender roles and courtship. Family acceptance of the unmarried couples is of high importance to Turkish culture. It is expected that a prospective single marry within their social class and religion. Marriage within the same social class is necessary because of the separation seen in Turkey. Turkey is very unlike the United States in the sense that there is a very large social gap between the rich and poor, with a very small middleShow MoreRelatedThe Dynamics Of Gender Formation1034 Words   |  5 PagesIzabela Litwin Kate Hamilton 76-101 02.23.2016 The Dynamics of Gender Formation Although some people believe that the sex role theory or the socialization model of gender as a process, in which we absorb instructions prescribed by the social institutions to act in the acceptable way to our biological sex, is a trivial issue, it is in fact crucial in terms of today’s concern over the gender formation. This significance is accurately noticed by Raewyn Connell, a renown sociologist who proclaimedRead MoreIran s Influence On The Middle East1567 Words   |  7 Pagesexperienced numerous changes in ruling forces whose influences can still be seen today. At one point, Persia was the greatest empire that the world had seen to date. Under Cyrus II, Persia extended the empire, overthrowing the Babylonians in the process. During this time, its borders were pushed into India and Asia and the country became increasingly wealthy due to conquered groups and lands. In 330 B.C., Alexander the Great conquered Iran and began to populate the lands with Greek citizens andRead MoreCritical Review of Sex, Smallpox and Seraglios: a Monument to Lady Montagu1149 Words   |  5 Pagesthe beauty of a woman was the most important thing. Following the explanation of women and their beauty, Frith discusses how Montagu left for Turkey to follow her husband who was the Ambassador to the Ottoman court. This is where Montagu saw the process of inoculation for the disease smallpox. This was a major advancement in the medical field because smallpox were seen as one of the worst and most dreaded diseases that one could get, because if it did not kill you it left your face disfigured fromRead MoreInterview with a Bilingual1929 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION This report presents an interview with a bilingual called H.D . H.D. is a daughter of a Turkish immigrant family who lived in Australia for 12 years .H.D. gives examples from her personal life about how she became bilingual background , the challenges of second language acquisition , benefits and the role of languages in her life. H.D was asked the following questions : (a) Could you please explain how you became bilingual? (b) Could you describe the bilingual environment youRead MoreCatherine The Great Of Russia1560 Words   |  7 Pagesreached a period of peace, unity, prosperity, and achievements. In the year 1762, Catherine was crowned Empress of Russia. Catherine’s motive of ruling Russia, was to make it a powerful union by spreading and expanding education, and making a national culture. Despite many failures such as not improving the lives of serfs, who were the majority of the Russian population and it has been said by many that she ruled through dishonesty and scandal, Catherine the Great was ultimately a successful leader ofRead MoreAnalysis of Moliere’s Would-Be Gentleman1688 Words   |  7 PagesIsmael Polanco Analysis of Moliere’s Would-Be Gentleman The idea of social status is one that assumes a pivotal role in Middle Age European culture. Social status was, in essence, a tool used by society to differentiate and label the population into their appropriate classes. Therefore, the elite would mingle with other members of their class, and the poor would associate themselves with other poor people. Social status had almost a sacred aura surrounding it. Obtainable only by rite of birth,Read MoreTurkish Reform Under Mustafa â€Å"Ataturk† Kemal: a Review on the Six Arrows of Kemalism3001 Words   |  13 PagesTurkish Reform Under Mustafa â€Å"Ataturk† Kemal: A Review on the Six Arrows of Kemalism In the aftermath of World War I, the once great Ottoman Empire was left in shambles. After having lost almost all of the empire’s territory to European mandates in 1918, what little they had left became occupied by Allied troops. In order to return the Turkish people to their former glory, the Turkish War for Independence was fought, resulting in the creation of a new government in Ankara. By 1923, this governmentRead MoreOthello, a Story of Rejection, Prejudice, Envy, and Revenge1287 Words   |  6 Pagesthe beautiful Desdemona and leaves Venice to command the Venetian armies against the Turks on the island of Cyprus. Othello is accompanied by his new wife and his lieutenant, Cassio. When they arrive, they find that the weather has destroyed the Turkish fleet. Iago, the evil antagonist, repeatedly tries to destroy Othello because he is upset Othello gave the position he wanted to achieve to another soldier. Iago finally succeeds when he is able to leave Desdemonas handke rchief on Cassio’s room convincingRead MorePerson Centered Case Conceptualization2395 Words   |  10 Pagesexperienced dysfunction when they are unable to experience themselves as the individual they perceive themselves to be. This is a person-centered case study for Melissa Reed who views her ideal self as a mother and wife. A woman who is now on her fifth marriage and has relational discord with her two daughters struggles with a sense of self-worth. The therapist will attempt to help Melissa progress through therapy at her own pace while working toward congruency between her real self and who she perceivesRead MoreMarketing Plan For The Hamoudis Restaurant2738 Words   |  11 Pagesthat can support a number of competing restaurants are being reached. In this case, it has been known that Roxburgh park and nearby suburbs are mostly middle eastern such as Iraqi and Lebanese, followed by minor populations of Africans, Indians, Turkish and other cultural backgrounds. The location is rather strategic as it is just a few minutes’ walk from Roxburgh park Railway Station and Roxburgh park Shopping Centre. There are parking lots around the area with no fees compared to parking lots in

Rosa Parks Civil Rights Movement - 1250 Words

Throughout United States history, there have been hundreds of influential people that have impacted many changes in the nation. Rosa Parks is one of many who have changed the lives of African Americans. Parks was an outstanding woman who stood up for what she believed in, and she never let anyone tell her different. Parks was a kind hearted, selfless person and for that she will always be remembered. Parks endured many hardships, not only during her childhood but also during her adult life, and gave rise to the civil rights movement through a boycott. Parks was born Rosa Louise McCauley on February 4, 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama. Her parents, James and Leona McCauley, separated when she was just two years old. Rosa’s mother moved Rosa†¦show more content†¦Nixon for fourteen years. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested and charged with violation of Chapter 6, Section 11, of the Montgomery City Code. After a long day working as a seamstress at a Montgomery department store, Parks boarded the Cleveland Avenue Bus for home. She entered through the front door, paid her fare, exited, and re-boarded through the back door to take her seat, as black passengers were supposed to do. Assigned seats were required to provide separate but equal accommodations for white and black passengers. This was accomplished with a line roughly in the middle of the bus separating the two. The bus drivers had the â€Å"powers of a police officer of the city while in actual charge of any bus for the purpose of carrying out the provisions † of the code (â€Å"Rosa Parks†, np). Rosa took her seat in the first of several rows designated for â€Å"colored† passengers. As the bus continued its route, it began to fill with white passengers. Eventually, the bus was full and the driver noticed that several white passengers were standing in the aisle. Her bus driver stopped the bus and moved the sign separating the two sections back one row, asking four black passengers to give up their seats. There were no specific rules stating that a bus driver could demand a passenger to give up a seat to anyone, regardless of color. However, many bus drivers had adopted this custom. They often asked blacked passengers to give upShow MoreRelatedRosa Parks And The Civil Rights Movement1082 Words   |  5 Pages African American, Rosa Parks was born in Tuskegee, Alabama on February 4th, 1913. Rosa was a civil rights activists and worked really hard to change the ways in Alabama. Rosa Parks was the start of a new beginning. She was the reason people had the courage to stand up for what they believed in. She also started the up rising of The Montgomery Bus Boycott and did a great change in the Civil Rights Movement. Rosa Parks’s childhood consisted of racial discrimination and activism for racial equalityRead More Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pages Rosa Parks, also called the â€Å"Mother of the Civil Rights Movement,† was given the NAACPs Spingarn Medal and the Martin Luther King, Jr. nonviolent-peace prize. Rosa Parks was also awarded the Eleanor Roosevelt Woman of Courage award in 1984. Rosa’s influence and impact on the society is one that can never be replaced. Rosa was not only the person who took that seat, but she has plenty o f respect because of her personality as a strong willed woman. Where did all this began? Rosa Louis McCauleyRead MoreCivil Rights Movement : Rosa Park s Protest1728 Words   |  7 PagesRosa Park’s protest proved to be the catalyst for the Civil rights Movement because her arrest issued ignited black community leaders to oppose the current laws. It had enormous effects on the issue of black racial inequality, which was prevalent in the country at the time. Rosa Parks’ singular act led to the Montgomery bus Boycott, which highlighted to the larger American community the everyday racism faced by African Americans. Inturn this led to a community push for the desegregation of the transportRead MoreThe Modern Civil Rights Movement Began When Rosa Parks,1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe modern civil rights movement began when Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, was arrested for refusing to move to the back of the bus in Montgomery, Alabama (â€Å"Civil Rights†). Fighting for racial justice and equality is not something new, as many have been striving tow ards equality for centuries. Rosa Park, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, and Barack Obama are public figures who advocated or continue to advocate the ideology behind the civil rights movement. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. instilled theRead MoreEssay about The Main Component in the Civil Rights Movement, Rosa Parks1090 Words   |  5 Pageswho Rosa Parks is. The majority of these students will say that she refused to give up her seat up to a non colored man. These students really dont know how impactful her decision had on the United States of America. She was really the main component of the civil rights movement and that’s why she is known as the â€Å"mother of the civil rights movement†. She stood up for what she believed in, and in doing that she sparked and created the stepping stones to the civil rights movement era. Rosa ParksRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Martin Luther King, Jr. And Rosa Parks1546 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement is often remembered in American history as an era of unity and struggle. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Rosa Parks are often the figures that get the most recognition from this period. However, there are many leaders from the Civil Rights Movement that get overlooked. Even MLK toward the end of his life is glossed over for the â€Å"version† that gave the famous â€Å"I have a dream† speech. In truth, there was a fair amount of division between the Black Power Movement and the IntegrationRead MoreRosa Parks : A Symbol Of The Nonviolent Protest Advocated By The Civil Rights Movement1393 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Barbara Hahn, â€Å"Rosa Parks became a symbol of the nonviolent protest advocated by the Civil Rights movement when she refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama† (Hahn N.p). Before these actions of hers, African-Americans did not think about standing up for themselves and their rights. However, Rosa Parks encouraged blacks to help change the direction of racial relations in America as well. Before, African-Americans were considered inferiorRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Coretta Scott King, Jr., Malcom X, And Rosa Parks2182 Words   |  9 PagesWhen people think of leaders of the Civil Rights movement, they think of big names like Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcom X, and Rosa Parks. However, there were many people behind the scenes that had as big of an impact as these forerunners had. These are the transparent heroes; the underdogs. The ones that did so much for the cause yet were never truly recognized as being such a big influence. One of these unsung heroes of the Civil Rights movement is Coretta Scott King. After her husband, the greatRead MoreResearch Paper: Rosa Parks1126 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mother of the Civil Rights Movement Rosa Parks is one of the most famous people in the history of the American Civil Rights movement, for her refusal to â€Å"move to the back of the bus† on December 1, 1955. Although her moment of protest was not a planned event , it certainly proved to be a momentous one. The nature of Rosa Park’s protest, the response of the authorities of Montgomery, the tactics adopted by the civil rights leaders in Montgomery, and the role eventually played by Federal authorityRead MoreRosa Parks Essay945 Words   |  4 Pagesmany people and the way that they would continue to live. Rosa Parks exhibited one womans courage and strength to stand up for what she believed in. Mrs. Parkss decision to remain seated and go against the Believed way sparked the beginning of the American Civil Rights Movement. In this paper I will discuss Rosa Parkss background, her decision against standing up, and how she started the beginning of the American Civil Rights Movement. Racism had tainted her life from the very beginning

Lost to the Perils of the Sea Essay Example For Students

Lost to the Perils of the Sea Essay 63505715 Wreck of an unknown three-mastedschooner. To many people, the Outer Banks are synonymous with shipwrecks. Indeed, one would have trouble finding a more representative or fascinating aspect of local history. Just as the sea has always been an integral part of life on these barrier islands, so too have been its many victims. A countless number of ill-fated vessels as well as many of the courageous seafarers who manned them have succumbed to the local perils of the sea.The Tiger, an English ship of Sir Richard Grenvilles expedition, was the first unfortunate vessel, wrecking here in June, 1585. The latest may be as recent as this mornings newspaper. Why have so many ships been lost, after the lethal dangers of the Graveyard of the Atlantic became widely known? Unfortunately, avoiding these navigational hazards is much more difficult than recognizing them. In days gone by, it was the wooden sailing ship carrying goods and passengers that kept the nations commerce afloat. To follow coastal trade routes, thousands of these vessels had to round not only North Carolinas barrier islands, which lie 30 miles off the mainland, but also the infamous Diamond Shoals, a treacherous, always-shifting series of shallow, underwater sandbars extending eight miles out from Cape Hatteras. While many believe that navigating Diamond Shoals is the only challenge, there are several other complicating factors. 6350642090First, there are two strong ocean currents that collide near Cape Hatteras. Flowing like massive rivers in the sea, the cold-water Labrador Current from the north and the warm Gulf Stream from the south converge just offshore from the cape. To take advantage of these currents, vessels must draw close to the Outer Banks. The remains of the Laura Barnes (wrecked 1921) on Coquina Beach, now mostly covered by the shifting sands. NPS Ordinarily, following this course would not lead to trouble but the storms common to the region can make it a dangerous practice. Devastating hurricanes and dreaded noreasters overwhelm ships with raging winds and heavy seas or drive them ashore to be battered apart by the pounding surf. Since the flat islands provide no natural landmarks, ships caught in storms often ran aground before spotting land and realizing their predicament. Combined, these natural elements form a navigational nightmare that is feared as much as any in the world. Pirates, the American Civil War, and German U-boat assaults have added to the heavy toll naturehasexacted. The grim total of vessels lost near Cape Hatteras is estimated at over 1,000. While hundreds of these dead ships now reside in the Graveyard of the Atlantic, their legacy lives on in many ways. Mariners stranded on the islands often chose to remain, establishing families and a heritage which continues to this day. Many island residents made a substantial part of their living salvaging cargoes and dozens of local buildings were built entirely or in part from shipwreck timbers. Due to the frequent storms and many other navigational hazards resulting in great loss of vessels, the U.S. Lighthouse Service, U.S. Lifesaving Service (1874-1915), and U.S. Coast Guard (since 1915) have kept a steady watch for almost 200 years. 635055245Map of the most commonly seen shipwrecks on the seashore. NPS Remains of Shipwrecks That Are Sometimes VisibleThough the vast majority of area wrecks have broken up and are lost to the sea forever, divers have access to a variety of sunken vessels offshore. Many shipwrecks also lie buried beneath the beach and can be uncovered by storms. After a brief period, they are again concealed when beach sands rebuild. At one time, a large number of shipwrecks were visible and recognizable along the seashore. Today, due to time, storms, salvaging, and vandalism, this is no longer the case. Parts of the following wrecks may still sometimes be seen. Please remember not to disturb or remove any shipwreck remains. Laura Barnes TheLaura Barnesis representative of the many wooden sailing ships that were lost on the Outer Banks. The four-mastedschooner came ashore in dense fog on the night of June 1, 1921. The crew was rescued by Coast Guardsmen from nearbyBodieIsland Station. Her remains have since been relocated a mile south of their original location to Coquina Beach (across from theBodieIsland Lighthouse) for public viewing. Lois Joyce One of the Outer Banks most recent shipwrecks, theLois Joycewas a 100-foot commercial fishing trawler lost in 1981 while attempting to enter Oregon Inlet during a December storm. Though the crew was rescued by Coast Guard helicopter, the $1,000,000 vessel was a total loss. The wreck is located on the northern, ocean-side hook at the mouth of Oregon Inlet and is best viewed at low tide. It is accessible by four-wheel drive vehicles only. Oriental A Federal transport during the Civil War, the steamshipOrientalhas been grounded in her present position since 1862. Local rumor has it that some of the areas largest fish make their home in theOrientals rusty remains. You can see the exposed boiler and smokestack in the ocean surf off Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge, opposite the Self-Guided Nature Trail parking lot. Questions:What are the Outer Banks known for?What was the first?Why are there so many in this area? (2 main reasons)What happened to sailors on these ships?What 3 organizations have tried to keep the number of shipwrecks down?Where can adventurers find these shipwrecks?What causes visible shipwrecks to disappear?Summarize each of the famous shipwrecks described at the end. (30pts)Designers Set Sail, Turning to Wind to Help Power Cargo ShipsBy JOHN J. GEOGHEGANPublished: August 27, 2012 If the worlds shipping fleet were a country, it would be the worlds sixth leading emitter of greenhouse gases. To reduce those emissions and, not incidentally, to conserve expensive fossil fuels cargo ship designers are now turning to the oldest source of power there is: the wind. The new vessels, mainly still on drawing boards and in prototype, look nothing like the graceful schooners and galleons of centuries past. Last spring, for example, the University of Tokyo unveiled a model of its UT Wind Chal lenger at the Sea Japan trade show. It has nine masts, each 164 feet tall, with five rigid sails made of aluminum and fiber-reinforced plastic; the sails are hollow, designed to telescope into one another in rough weather or at anchor. Then there is the 328-foot, 3,000-ton cargo carrier being designed by B9 Shipping (pronounced benign), part of the B9 Energy Group in Northern Ireland. Its three masts rise 180 feet, as tall as a 14-story building. Powered by a combination of wind and a Rolls-Royce biogas engine, it is intended to operate with no fossil fuels. A model of the B9 ship was tested last month at the University of Southampton in England. The tests were promising, said Diane Gilpin, a founder-director of B9 Shipping. They validated the economic case for deploying a B9 ship on certain trading routes. The next step, she said, is to seek financing for a full-size ship to demonstrate the technology. It would cost $45 million and take three years to build. Several factors are dri ving efforts like these. Effective this month, ships in North American waters are required to burn low-sulfur oil, which costs 60 percent more than bunker fuel. The United Nations International Maritime Organization is also phasing in restrictions on greenhouse-gas emissions by commercial ships. Meanwhile, the price of bunker fuel, which accounts for most of a vessels operating cost, has been rising steeply 600 percent over the last 10 years. Wind, of course, is cost- and emission-free. But none of the designs under consideration would replace a ships engine, only supplement it. Nor is wind power practical for large vessels like container ships, which sail faster than 15 knots and need their deck space for cargo. But it is well suited for smaller, slower-moving ships, those in the 3,000-to-10,000-ton range which accounts for 10,000 vessels, one-fifth of the worlds total cargo ships, and are an essential link in the global supply chain. Still, wind-powered technology faces a steep de velopment curve before the industry will be ready to embrace it. There are a number of projects looking at the use of wind as a power source for shipping, said Craig Eason, technology editor at the shipping newspaper Lloyds List. Whether these projects will prove to be successful business ventures remains a question. Wind is one of a number of technological fixes under consideration to lower costs and emissions. They include replacing bunker fuel with liquid natural gas; streamlining hull designs; adding exhaust scrubbers; or just steaming more slowly. All of these ideas face economic obstacles. Shipowners dont necessarily pay for their ships fuel; the charterer does. So there is little incentive to make an energy-saving investment if the owner does not benefit financially. Moreover, most sectors of the shipping industry are losing money, so it is not an ideal time to introduce new technologies. The industry is quite conservative, said Roger Strevens, vice president for environment at the shipping company Wallenius Wilhelmsen Logistics. About wind power, he added, There are a mix of significant technical, operational and economic hurdles to overcome. Or as Richard Pemberton, a marine technology expert at Southampton, put it, The shipping industry will adopt whichever technology allows them to make a profit. One company that is well past the design stage is SkySails. Founded in 2001 in Hamburg, Germany, it has been selling automated towing kite systems for cargo ships for several years. Resembling a giant paraglider, SkySails 3,500-square-foot kite is launched from a ships bow, pulling it forward when the wind is right. The company says that depending on wind conditions, fuel consumption can be reduced 10 to 35 percent. SkySails has installed its giant kites on six ships, and Cargill, the worlds largest charterer of dry bulk carriers, has announced plans to install the latest SkySails technology this year on its ship the Aghia Maina. But wind technology for mod ern cargo ships goes back at least a quarter of a century. In 1986 Capt. D. C. Anderson of Earth Ship Limited fitted a 3,500-ton grain carrier called the Carib Alba with an auxiliary wind-propulsion system called Comsail. On a perfect day, he recalled, it saved an astonishing 35 percent of fuel. But after oil prices collapsed that year, the Carib Albas owner took a blowtorch to Captain Andersons sailing masts, leaving them on a pier in Houston and bringing a promising experiment to an abrupt conclusion after 363 days of testing. QUESTIONS (ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES OR WRITE THE QUESTIONS THEN THE ANSWER FOR FULL CREDIT! DO NOT COPY DIRECTLY FROM THE ARTICLE, THIS WILL RESULT IN HALF CREDIT!)What shocking fact does the article start with?What are cargo ship designers trying to do to combat this?What features are found on the prototype UT Wind Challenger?What is special about the engine of the B9 prototype? What did tests reveal?What factors are causing the shipping industry to loo k for alternative fuel and power sources?Why is wind power not practical for large vessels?Aside from wind, what other options are they looking into?What will ultimately be the deciding factor in what the shipping industry will turn to?What is SkySails? What do their systems resemble?What did Capt. Anderson try in 1986? What was the result?Slowing to a Whales Pace in SamoaBy SCOTT BAKERScott Baker, associate director of the Marine Mammal Institute at Oregon State University, writes from Samoa, where he studies the formation of local communities among dolphins and their genetic isolation from one another. Today was the last day of our surveys in Samoa. We have completed the circumnavigation of both islands, Upolu and Savaii, covering more than 600 nautical miles, and have encountered short-finned pilot whales, spinner dolphins, rough-toothed dolphins, bottlenose dolphins and beaked whales. The strong trade winds we have experienced over the last few days are a reminder that it is winter in Samoa, and with this comes the annual migration of humpback whales. Although it is still early in the winter breeding season, humpbacks are our most common sighting along the south coast of Upolu. The Samoan islands are part of a vast winter breeding grounds of humpback whales in the South Pacific, including New Caledonia, Tonga, the Cook Islands and the Society Islands of French Polynesia. These whales feed during the austral summer months in the Southern Ocean near the Antarctic and migrate thousands of miles to the warm waters of the tropics to mate and give birth. Essay on Poverty And Its Effects On America EssayThere might be overlapping legitimate claims which all have scientific backing, Holm said. This years Danish expedition is the third in a series of voyages that began in 2007 to gather data to support a claim to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS), which assesses the scientific validity of such claims. Denmark has identified five potential claim areas off Greenland and the Faroe Islands both parts of the Kingdom of Denmark and has already submitted claims for areas north and south of the Faroes and for two areas south of Greenland. The fifth area, probably the most sensitive part of any future claim, is roughly 150,000 square kilometers (58,000 sq miles) extending north from Greenland and encompassing the North Pole. Despite a record thaw of sea ice in the Arctic, the expedition vessel has had to break through thick ice to gather seismic and sea depth data. In patches measurements were simply impossible and cancelled Equipment has been damaged by the ice so it has not been a piece of cake, said Martin Breum, a journalist and author travelling with the mission. Once claims are submitted, it is likely to take years or even decades for the CLCS to issue a report, and only after that could negotiations between states begin, Holm said. The Oden left the pole on Thursday afternoon. We are now struggling through heavy ice towards Siberia, Breum said. QUESTIONS (ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES OR WRITE THE QUESTIONS THEN THE ANSWER FOR FULL CREDIT! DO NOT COPY DIRECTLY FROM THE ARTICLE, THIS WILL RESULT IN HALF CREDIT!)What could be under the land that Denmark wants to claim?Why is it only now being claimed?What about the land gives Denmark a good claim to it?How did Russia try to lay claim to the land? Why was it controversial?How do Denmark plan to deal with countries that have also made a claim?Where else are they trying to claim land?What caused researchers a problem as they neared the pole?How long do researchers say it could take for official claims to be recognized?In at least 2 sentences, discuss your opinion about the claims and who may have the best one and why. Sea Lions Feasting on Threatened Salmon Should conservationists stop the California sea lions from eating threatened Columbia River salmon? ByJessica MarshallandNature magazineFromNaturemagazineWhat do you do when a charismatic marine mammal is wreaking havoc by gorging on a threatened species that humans also find delicious? Thats the awkward problem faced by wildlife managers along the Columbia River in Washington and Oregon states, where sea lions have been congregating for the past decade to feast on salmon waiting to climb the fish ladders at the base of the Bonneville Dam on their spring voyage upriver to spawn. To protect the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the river, some of which are listed as threatened populations, in 2008 the states of Washington and Oregon obtained permission from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Silver Spring, Maryland, to kill California sea lions (which are normally protected) seen feeding repeatedly at the dam, after attempts to frighten the animals away proved ineffective. In response, the Humane Society of the United States, based in Washington DC, and others filed a lawsuit to stop the practice and their legal challenges have continued. A US district court in Portland, Oregon, is expected to hear full arguments for a final ruling in the next few weeks. In the meantime, more than 40 California sea lions have been killed and 11 transferred to aquaria and zoos. Survey data collected by the US Army Corps of Engineers during the years of the cull show that numbers of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) are decreasing at the dam, along with the amount of salmon they eat. The corps and others attribute this to the removal programme. Muscling inBut the cull may have been too successful. Last year, the larger Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus), which arrived in earnest at the dam in 2005 and have returned in greater numbers each year, outnumbered California sea lions for the first time and ate fully half of the predated salmon. Part of this switch toward the Steller sea lion abundance may be due in part to success of the removal programme, said Doug Hatch of the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission in Portland, Oregon, speaking at a meeting of the American Fisheries Society in St Paul, Minnesota this week. The problem with this shift is that Steller sea lions are themselves listed as a threatened species, meaning that hazing disturbing them with, for example, rubber bullets is the only option for dealing with them. But the eastern stock of Steller sea lions, which includes those at Bonneville, is under review for delisting as threatened, so that protection may not last. Counting the damageA key issue is exactly how much the sea lions are affecting the salmon, particularly the species that are listed as threatened. This is a difficult question to answer. Accurate numbers are available from near the dam, where sea lions and the prey in their mouths can be counted directly, but the dam is 235 kilometres from the mouth of the Columbia River and sea lions are present patchily throughout this length. Hatchs best estimate is that sea lions take on average a little over 10% of the listed populations annually between the dam and the ocean. He and his colleagues are tagging sea lions to improve understanding of where the mammals go within the river and beyond. The Humane Society says that the cull focuses on the wrong problem sea lions instead of reducing the allowable fishing catch, improving habitat, and reducing losses from hydropower, which it maintains are greater threats to the fish. Archaeological records suggest that sea lions are recent arrivals in the Columbia River, but researchers are finding that the smorgasbord of oily fish is expanding more than their range. We have captured and handled the largest California sea lions anyone has ever touched, says Robin Brown, a marine mammal specialist at Oregon Fish and Wildlife in Corvallis. The biggest weighed 658 kilograms, compared to a typical weight for a male of 200-400 kilograms. This Columbia river salmon seems to fatten them up bigger and better than anything weve ever seen.QUESTIONS (ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES OR WRITE THE QUESTIONS THEN THE ANSWER FOR FULL CREDIT! DO NOT COPY DIRECTLY FROM THE ARTICLE, THIS WILL RESULT IN HALF CREDIT!)Why is there an issue with the sea lions eating the salmon?How have the states reacted to conserve the salmon? What did they try before?How did the human society react?What did the survey by the US Army Corps reveal?How might the cull have been too successful?Why is the cul l controversial?Why is it hard to directly count how many salmon are being eaten by the seals?In at least 3 sentences, discuss your opinion about this issue. Do you agree with the cull, or side with the human society? Do you feel more tests need to be done? In Virginia, Encroaching Seas Pit Parking against Preservation As federal managers adapt to rising sea levels, local officials fear changes to parking rules that could undermine local economies ByJennifer WeeksandDaily ClimateCHINCOTEAGUE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, Va. A sign at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service visitor center here states a simple motto: Where Wildlife Comes First. But many visitors never see the sign, or much wildlife. Cars stream past the center on hot summer days, headed for a mile-long public beach at the refuges southern end. The prime goals are sand, surf, and a parking spot close to the water. But sea-level rise threatens the refuges future as a beach destination. Its on Assateague Island, a barrier island off the coasts of Virginia and Maryland. The whole island is protected as a national seashore, but different parts have diverse missions. Most of the Virginia section is a wildlife refuge except for the beach, an enclave run by the National Park Service. The refuge draws up to 1.5 million visitors every year through the adjacent town of Chincoteague. In a survey conducted by the town last year, 80 percent of visitors rated going to the beach as their top priority. The beach is broad, clean, and unspoiled by development. Its also in one of the most-exposed zones of the island, and often floods during storms. When this happens, as it did during a 2009 noreaster and again in 2011 during Hurricane Irene, the adjacent parking lots are washed out and have to be rebuilt. Even though theyre surfaced with loose sand and shells, rebuilding is expensive up to $700,000 per episode. Managers have preserved the lots, big enough for 960 cars, by repeatedly moving them west, away from the ocean side of the island, after washouts. Zones that used to be parking areas in the 1990s are now underwater. The National Park Service has advised the Fish and Wildlife Service to move the recreation zone north to a more protected area. We understand that the town of Chincoteagues economic viability is linked to beach parking, said Trish Kicklighter, superintendent of Assateague Island National Seashore. But you need to let the dunes act natural and move back when they want to. The current area is not wide enough to maintain a parking lot and a swimming beach.Barrier islands are naturally unstable, constantly changing shape under the forces of waves and wind. When storms flood the east, or ocean, side of Assateague, they wash sand over to the west side of the island and build it up. But as sea levels rise, floods are becoming more frequent and severe. The Fish and Wildlife Service projects that by 2100 rising seas will flood large sections of the Chincoteague refuges coastal marshes.Fish and Wildlife is writing a new 15-year management plan for the refuge, igniting a battle over the fate of the beach. Instead of spending more money to maintain a vulnerable parking lot, the agency would move the beach north and build new parking, possibly supplemented by a shuttle from a new satellite lot on Chincoteague.Local officials oppose these ideas. Before 1962, when a bridge was built connecting the town of Chincoteague to Assateague Island, Chincoteague was a sleepy fishing community. Now the town is a tourist gateway, with seashore visitors pumping $TK million into the town annually, according to a Fish and Wildlife Service estimate. Local officials want the beach preserved at all costs.Chincoteague Mayor John Tarr and local business owners argue that moving the beach or shifting even partly to public transit will drive visitors to more convenient locations like Ocean City, Maryland to the north or Virginia Beach to the south. I feel we are being railroaded into less or no parking at the beach, and forced to ride a trolley system in the future, Tarr told a House Natural Resou rces subcommittee at a hearing last February.Instead they want federal agencies to add a new parking lot with 300 more spaces and bring in the Army Corps of Engineers to do beach restoration, such as pumping sand from offshore to rebuild the beach. Federal managers oppose engineering solutions because they conflict with laws and policies that called for letting natural shoreline processes occur without intervening.Chincoteagues beach-inside-a-refuge situation may be unique, but rising sea levels will affect all of the 167 national wildlife refuges that are located along U.S. coastlines. No one really knows what the solution is yet were still experimenting with strategies to make refuges more resilient, and its specific to each refuge, said Noah Matson, vice president for climate change and natural resource adaptation at Defenders of Wildlife. QUESTIONS (ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES OR WRITE THE QUESTIONS THEN THE ANSWER FOR FULL CREDIT! DO NOT COPY DIRECTLY FROM THE ARTICLE, THIS WILL RESULT IN HALF CREDIT!)What greets visitors at Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge? What is the main draw of this park?What is threatening the beach? Where is the beach located?What is causing the problems with the parking lot?What is one solution to the problem?Why are barrier islands unstable?Why do local officials oppose moving the park north?Why do local businesses oppose the move?What is their solution?In at least 2 sentences, discuss what you think is the best idea and why.

Missile Defense Program Essay Example For Students

Missile Defense Program Essay The Need for a National Missile Defense (NMD) Program in the United StatesSeveral hundred Soviet, nuclear tipped, ballistic missiles streak towards the United States without any form of opposition or challenge to their impeding destruction. The result of a situation like this would be no doubt disastrous, but it is a situation that could very well take place if the United States does not install a national ballistic missile defense program. An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system is a precaution that the American government must pursue with all of its resources in order to protect and preserve our society as we know it. Really, what are the chances of another nation launching a ballistic missile attack on the U.S.? Well, an attack may be a lot more likely than most Americans ever even dare to think. In 1998 Iran tested an intermediate-range missile capable of carrying a nuclear warhead, and North Korea launched a three-stage rocket, Taepo Dong 1(Timmerman), capable of an attack on Ala ska, Hawaii, and possibly the west coast of the United States.(Richter) In 1998 Congress appointed a blue ribbon panel headed by former Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld to take a look at just how real the threat is of an adversary developing an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) capable of attacking the U.S. mainland.(Timmerman) In his conclusion Rumsfeld warned that, rogue countries could soon have missiles capable of reaching the U.S. mainland—without the United States’ even knowing it.(Richter) Rumsfeld also concluded that of the rogue nations, Iran was the furthest along with the capability of developing a missile that could reach U.S. targets in an arc extending northeast of a line from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to St. Paul Minnesota, in less than five years. Next in line was Iran’s long time friend, North Korea, who could develop missiles capable of attacking the western United States in an arc extending northwest from Phoenix, Arizona, to Mad ison, Wisconsin. This threat is increased when taken into account the extensive friendship of Iran and North Korea. A calculated and combined attack could easily place nuclear ICBMs all over most of the continental U.S.. Even when the Taepo Dong missile was tested on August 31, 1998 an Iranian delegation was flown to North Korea bringing with them an entire plane load of telemetry equipment to monitor the test. Shortly after the test the delegation returned to Iran with the full results of the test. The very test of the North Korean Taepo Dong missile just goes to show how very clueless the United States is as to the development of ICBMs by foreign countries. The CIA’s national intelligence officer for strategic and nuclear programs, Robert D. Walpole, admitted that nobody in the intelligence community expected North Korea to develop an ICBM capability so soon. Although the launch of the Taepo Dong 1 missile was expected for some time, its use as a space launch vehicle with a third stage was not. The existence of a third stage concerns us. We hadn’t anticipated it. Debris from the rocket’s third stage was found some 3,500 miles from the site of the launch, showing that North Korea has the ability to target Alaska and possibly America’s west coast, admitted Walpole. Clearly if you can put something into orbit, you get awfully close to ICBM capability.(Timmerman) During the Cold War the United States and Russia both rushed to stockpile as many nuclear m issiles as possible, thus prompting each other to build a missile defense system. The very first interceptor missiles were developed in the early days of the Cold War. In 1958, the Army developed a long-range interceptor missile with a nuclear warhead, the Nike-Zeus. Due to doubts about the missiles’ radar, and the frightening danger of a low-altitude detonation over the U.S., the project was shot down. Soon after in 1963 the Nike-X replaced the Nike-Zeus with a better radar, and a better short-rang interceptor called Sprint. The long-range Nike-Zeus became known as the Spartan. In 1966 the Russians began to build a massive ring of ABMs around their capitol city Moscow. After failed attempts at reaching an ABM agreement with Premier Leonid Brezhnev, President Lyndon Johnson responded by approving a Sentinel system to protect the U.S..

Why did the 1905 revolution Fail free essay sample

When looking at why the 1905 revolution failed, we must first consider the state of affairs leading up to the revolution. One key event in the state of affairs was the separation of the Social Democrats who became known as the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks in 1903. This was because some members of the what was to become the Bolsheviks, wanted to have a violent revolution, whereas the other members wanted to wait until the capitalist stage of the Marxist theory was complete as Russia was not ready for a proletarian revolution. This was the idea of the members who were to become the Mensheviks. However, whilst this was happening, another progressive feature of the state of affairs were in motion, the peasants were becoming radicalised, due to unhappiness, the land issue, and the fear of redemption payments. Looking at these two key features, we can see there is a clear link to a main factor as to why the revolution had failed. We will write a custom essay sample on Why did the 1905 revolution Fail? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There was no uniting idea, each party had its own visions of Russia ‘moving forward’ and each party only looked to achieve these visions. However, in contrast to this, there was one uniting idea between the parties that was shared, the need for Civil Liberties, and Representation for the people of Russia. This though was seen as a weakness by Sergie Witte, and therefore introduced the October Manifesto. The October Manifesto was introduced by Sergie Witte, who had been reinstated as of June 1905 by the Tsar, to reclaim the Army’s loyalty. This was done by all backpay that was owed , was paid in full to each soldier, and so this gave the Tsar the Armed Forces’ unwavering loyalty once more after the mutiny of the Potemkin by the naval force of Russia . Also in the October Manifesto, the loyalty of the people was gained again, as Civil Liberties were introduced, along with Free Speech and the promise of a Duma. Another key event for the failure of the revolution of 1905 was The Moscow Uprising, which was centered in Moscow’s Presnia district between December 7 and 17, 1905. This was the climax point of the Revolution of 1905. Thousands of proletariat workers joined in an armed insurrection against the Imperial Government for better socio-democratic conditions. The uprising ended in defeat for the Bolshevik revolutionaries and provoked a swift counter-revolution that lasted till 1907. The October Manifesto may have satisfied Russias liberals with a constitutional monarchy, and freedom of speech, rallies and unions, most left-wing revolutionaries saw it as a cynical move by the Nicholas II to isolate the bourgeoisie from the workers and peasants, whose own social and political demands were still unanswered. Lenin returned from Geneva to St Petersburg on November 8 (21st Gregorian calendar) after months of delaying. He immediately called for an armed uprising, not really caring whether it succeeded or not: Victory?! That for us is not the point at all We should not harbour any illusions, we are realists, and let no-one imagine that we have to win. For that we are still too weak. The point is not about victory but about giving the regime a shake and attracting the masses to the movement. That is the whole point. And to say that because we cannot win we should not stage an insurrection-that is simply the talk of cowards. † This links back to the factor of no uniting idea , as he tried to unite the people with the Bolsheviks, after Witte had split them off from the people with the October Manifesto. The attitudes and beliefs of the Tsar Nicholas II, also had an impact on how the revolution failed. This was because he already had a disgust for the Social Revolutionaries, who had previously killed his grandfather. This hatred for them, left Nicholas with the attitude that there would be no concessions of power of liberties, but was soon swayed by Sergie Witte to give SOME concessions.